
lol 



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Ml ^. All 4 



SPEECH 



OF 



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m. m: w. morgan, 



AT 



DELAAVARE, OHIO. 



> 



COLUMBUS : 

PUBLISHED BY THE DEMOCRATIC STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE 

1870. 



X 



*h 



e 



I^EZPOI^Ii^. 



^;3PEE OH OF- 



GEN, GEO. W. MORGAN, 



AT 



DELAWARE. 



AN EXPOSUEE OF THE EECKLESS AND ILLEGAL EXPENDI 
TUBE OF MONEY BY THE RADICAL PARTY— SYSTEMATIC 
VIOLATIONS OF LAW TO FIND PLACES AND PLUNDER 
FOR RADICAL POLITICIANS— NEW ENGLAND AND THE 
WEST— HOW THE ONE IS BLED, AND THE OTHER BLEEDS 
— STARTLING DEFALCATIONS BY RADICAL OFFICE- 
HOLDERS. 



My Friends and Countrymen : ' 
Believing that the corruption which 
has crept into our public afi'airs can 
only be corrected by the people, I 
come before you to-night as one of 
your fellow-citizens to hold counsel 
with you as to what is best to be 
done. 

It is a fact too seldom considered, 
that of the one thousand million in- 
habitants who occupy the globe, 
only forty millions enjoy the bless 
ings of civil liberty under written 
constitntiouvS, and exercise the right 
of self-government. We are of Eu- 
ropean origin, but while the theory 
of our Government is republican, 
those of the people from whom we 
sprung are monarchical, and hered- 
itary. And when our own system 
of government was established, it 
was then, and is now, regarded as 
an experiment — a trial to ascertain 
whether we have sense and honesty 



enough to govern ourselves, or 
whether we require trustees in the 
forms of kings, and nobles, to take 
care of us for their own benefit. 

With our fathers, as with our- 
selves, everything favored the ex- 
periment ; but what will be the ulti- 
mate solution of the problem is still 
regarded by many as a matter of 
doubt. For my own part I have 
never entertained any doubt upon 
the subject; and had I doubted, con- 
fidence would have succeeded to 
doubt on witnessing a million vete- 
rans in service, though youthful in 
years, all flushed with the triumps 
of a gigantic war, transformed in a 
single day from soldiers to citizens, 
as they had, in a single day, been 
converted from peaceful citizens into 
soldiers, armed and equi})ped for 
war. 

But what do we mean when we 
say that we have capacity for self- 



4 



govern meu t ? Simply that we have 
intelligeuce enough to examine po- 
litical questions, and honesty enough 
to vote for or against them, because 
we believe them to be right or wrong, 
wise or unwise. To be capable of sel f- 
governmeut, each citizen must make 
up his own mind ; must think and act 
for himself, and while with manly 
independence in carrying out his 
own convictions, he must be«toleraut 
as to the convictions of others, for 
if we have a right to form and exer- 
cise our own opinions upon political 
subjects, so have our neighbors. If 
we have a right to vote for such 
measures as we choose, so have they. 
Then if free institutions are to be 
maintained, it can only be done by 
each citizen voting for what he be- 
lieves to be right, and against what 
he regards as wrong. 

POLITICAL PARTIES. 

We are all fellow-citizens, and our 
first duty is to our country, and he 
is not a good citizen who does not 
prefer the good of the whole coun- 
try to the success of any party. In 
all free governments parties ought 
to exist, for the party out will be 
always vigilant in watching the par- 
ty in power, and expose corruption 
when it exists. And so long as we 
continue to raise vast revenues, 
there will be danger of our institu- 
tions rotting out by quick decay. 
But parties to be useful, must be 
patriotic; their object must be the 
good of the whole people, and not 
the aggrandizement of the favored 
few. And not only should one party 
be watched by the other, but the 
leaders of each party should be 
watched by their immediate constit- 
uents, and the moment that they 
discover that their leaders have be- 
come corrupt, that moment they 
should abandon tliem, and unite 
with the other party until reform is 
secured. 

THE PEOPLE DEMAND REFORM. 

At this moment, citizens, a settled 



conviction exists in the public mind, 
that corruption reigns supreme in 
the Federal and at most of the State 
capitals. And everywhere the peo- 
ple are giving action to that convic- 
tion by declaring against those who 
have betrayed, and are now robbing 
them. The late triumphs of the 
people of Connecticut by a decisive 
vote, in New York by a majority of 
more than eighty thousand — many 
counties for the first time having 
gone Democratic — and the unex- 
pected upheaval in Oregon and the 
new States of the Eocky Mountains, 
show they are fully aroused to the 
necessity of prompt and patriotic 
action. 

But I need not go so far from 
home for examples of the great 
change going on in the public mind. 
Here before you is Jas. E. Hubbell, 
born and educated a Whig, a mem- 
ber of the Eepublican party from 
the date of its earliest organization, 
and its chosen Eepresentative in 
Congress, who now appears before 
the people as a candidate for their 
suftrages as a nominee of the Dem- 
ocratic party — a nomination alike 
honorable to Mr. Hubbell and to the 
Democracy. 

THE REPUBLICAN PARTY LIVES 
ONLY IN NAME. 

My countrymen, no party can con- 
tinue to live in a government like 
ours, after it has achieved the pur- 
pose for which it was organized — 
no party can long exist which does 
not rest upon a living principle. 

The abolition of slavery, and the 
adjustment of the questions arising 
from that act, have left the Eepub- 
licans without a single bond of un- 
ion, and their dissolution is inevita- 
ble. 

Eepublican high tariff, and Ee- 
publican low tariff men confront each 
other in confusion ; and those who 
demand reform are jostled out of 
the way by the army of office-hold- 
ers, and by those who seek to make 
fortunes by plundering the treasury. 



THE PEOPLE ARE HONEST AND 
SHOULD BE SUPREME. 

In fact, the contest now waged is 
not between parties ; it is not a con- 
flict of ideas ; but it is a struggle 
between the robbers and those who 
are being- robbed ; between theofhce- 
holders who have stolen the ma- 
chinery of a paity, and the people. 
The men in power, who run tlie Gov- 
ernment in tlieir own interests, 
through their legions of tax collect- 
ors, tax assessors, tax inspectors, tax 
detectives, and tax spies, now .seek 
to manage and control the people as 
they would a machine. 

A compact organization, backed 
by the money-bags of the Govern- 
ment, which are now in their con- 
trol, may for a short time make them 
appear to be formidable; but the 
l^eople once aroused to the true con- 
dition of the country, the tax-gath- 
erers will take to their holes. 

RESTORED TO POWER, WHAT WILL 

THE DEMOCRATS DO ? 

liestored to power, the Democracy 
will endeavor to restore respect for 
the constitution and laws throughout 
our whole country ; to restore good 
temper and kind feeling among the 
whole people. By retrenchment and 
reform in all the branches of govern- 
ment, State and Federal, they will 
reduce the taxes of the people ; and 
by investigation, strict but impartial, 
they will expose and punish those 
who have been robbing the treasury 
and who now seek to retain power in 
order to avoid such exposure and 
punishment. 

Eestored to power, they will try 
and restore our commerce, which is 
well nigh destroyed ; to revive trade, 
which is well nigh paralyzed ; and 
remove the unequal and unjust bur- 
dens which now weigh heavily upon 
the shoulders of industry, so that 
our farmers, manufacturers, mer- 
chants, mechanics and workingmen 
will be able to save a portion of the 
profits of their toil, instead of hav- 
ing them gobbled up by the leeches 
who are sucking the life-blood of the 
people. 



WHAT BECOMES OF THE TAXES PAID 
BY THE PEOPLE. 

In my judgment, my friends, the 
most alarming feature of the times 
is the f'normous amount of taxes 
which are collected from the people, 
and the reckless and corrupt manner 
in which they are squandered. I re- 
gret to say that this remark applies 
with equal force to the State as to the 
Federal Government. In fact, our 
rulers seem to f nget that taxes mean 
labor ; and the higher the taxes the 
the less the profit and the fewer the 
comforts. I hold in my hand the 
reports of the Auditor of State for 
ISGO and 1S69, and the fact to which 
I am al)out to refer was called to my 
attention by a worthy gentlemen of 
my own town, who is not only a 
prominent citizen, but has always 
been a prominent Republican. The 
fact to wliich he called my attention 
was this : that the total amount of 
taxes for all i)urposes in Ohio in 1SG9, 
(see Auditor's report p. -19,) amounted 
to the enormous sum of $22,232,877. 
This caused me to examine further, 
when I found by tlie Auditor's report 
for ISOO (page 77) that the same 
taxes for that year amounted to 
$10,317,076. Increase over 18G0, of 
.§11,410,201. 

This led me to a further investiga- 
tion, the correctness of which you 
will find verified by turning to the 
report of the Register of the United 
States Treasury, and you will there 
find that there were forty-four years 
in the history of the Republic in 
which the annual expenditures of the 
army, navy and civil list were much 
less than it cost the people of Ohio 
to maintain their Government dur- 
ing the year 18G9. 

And in order that you may see the 
exact amount of direct State and 
Federal taxes paid by the p^iople of 
Ohio during the year 1SG9, 1 will state 
them together : 

Total of Stato taxes... 
Uuited States Int. Rev. 






To'l direct tax for Ohio, 1869ijji38,315,3y4 
And you will bear in mind, my 



friends, that this does not include 
the still greater tariff tax you pay for 
the benefit of the New England 
monopolists. 

Were it not for these taxes, the 
people of OLio would be that much 
richer than they now are, and would 
have just that many more comforts 
in their homes. 

It is true that reasonable taxes 
should be collected for the mainten- 
ance of Government, but is it not 
high time that there should be re- 
trenchment and reform *? 

FEDERAL EXPENDITURES. 

It is always more agreeable, my 
friends, to praise than to blame, to 
commend than to censure ; but there 
are diseases which can only be 
reached by the caustic and the knife, 
and our country is now suffering 
from such a malady. 

I have already spoken to you of 
the last report of the Eegister 
of the United States Treasury. 
This is it, which I hold in my 
hand. From this report it appears 
that the entire expenditures of the 
Federal Government from 1789 till 
June 30th, ISOO, during peace and 
the cost of war, amounted to less 
than fifteen hundred million dollars; 
and this period embraced seventy- 
one years. And during those seven- 
ty-one years we had three years war 
with England, thirty years of Indian 
wars, and two years of foreign war 
against Mexico. 

Indeed, that amount includes all 
expenditures except those of the pub- 
lic debt. 

And this brings me to the point 
to which I wish to call your atten- 
tion. This same report shows that 
exactly the same expenditures of the 
Federal Government in time of 
peace, from June 30th, 1865, till 
June 30th, 1869, without including 
one cent paid on the principal or in- 
terest of the Federal debt, was more 
than ten hundred and eleven million 
dollars ! 

Kow, what has become of that 
vast sura, expended for the ordinary 



expenses of the Government, during 
the brief period of four years of 
peace f That amount, my friends, 
is equal to one-twentieth of the value 
of all the real and personal jjroperty, 
public and private, embraced be- 
tween the two oceans, and the lakes 
and the gulf! And keep it in mind 
that not one dollar of that huge sum 
was paid on the principal or interest 
of the public debt; for during those 
four years the aggregate expendi- 
tures of the General Government 
amounted to three thousand eight 
hundred and eighty-eight million 
dollars, or about oue fifth of the 
value ot the entire wealth of the 
United States. 

During all those years of excessive 
taxation and corrupt expenditures, 
with our foreign commerce destroyed 
and our flag swept from the seas; 
our internal trade struck with paraly- 
sis, caused by the withdrawal of our 
currency from legitimate trade to be 
used in gambling in stock and gold ; 
with wages low, and taxes high — at 
such a time, when general disaster 
and distress threaten us, instead of 
economy and retrenchment, the most 
impudent and unblushing extrava- 
gance exists in every department of 
the Government. 

THE CHIEF TMAGISTRATE. 

With a feeling of disappointment, 
the warmest admirers of the Presi- 
dent admit that his administration 
has been a melancholy failure. For 
his exploits in war the gratitude of 
the people knew no bounds, and 
never was a President treated with 
so much indulgence by those who 
were opposed to him in politics. It 
was with a blush of shame that the 
people learned that their Chief Mag- 
trate was bestowing the first ofitices 
in the Government upon persons 
from whom he had received valuable 
gifts, and that he bestowed lucrative 
positions upon relatives and favor- 
ites without regard to fitness, as 
though the Government belonged to 
himself instead of the people. To 
such an extent were these grievances 



carried, that Congress twice felt 
called upon to administer a rebuke, 
not the less severe because it was in- 
direct. The House expelled Whitte- 
more for appointing to a cadetship 
the son of a man from whom he had 
received a present of fifteen hundred 
dollars ; and an act was passed mak- 
ing it a penal offense for clerks to 
make presents to the chiefs of their 
bureaus. 

But an honest and patriotic people 
are at a loss to understand how it 
can be right for the President to .se- 
cure gifts of great value from per- 
sons upon whom he confers office, 
and wrong for a member of Congress 
to do the same thing, why the latter 
should be expelled, while the former 
is not impeached. 

THE president's CABINET. 

In vain do the people demand, 
" What becomes of our taxes 1 " 
Have they the right to know, or 
have they lost all their rights ? The 
Constitution declares that " a regu- 
lar statement and account of the re- 
ceipts and expenditures of all public 
money shall be iiublished from time 
to time." And a law of Congress 
enforces this requirement of the Con- 
stitution. But during the past six 
years, no such regular statement of 
expenditures has been made. It is 
true that a statement is made, but 
it is a fraud and a cheat — intended 
to deceive, but not to inform the 
people what becomes of their taxes. 
One item of expenditure is given, 
followed by half a dozen &c., &c., 
&c., &c., &G., &c. ; but what the 
etceteras stand for, no one knows ; 
an etcetera may mean anything. 
Article 1, section 9, of the Constitu- 
tion, among other things, provides : 
*' 1^0 money shall be drawn from the 
Treasury except by appropriations 
made by law." But it is a notorious 
fact — a lact charged on the floor of 
the House, and never denied — that 
each of President Grant's Cabinet 
officers, as well as each chief of a 
bureau, keeps a cariiage and horses, 
coachman and footman, all paid for | 



with the people's taxes, and without 
the authority of law. 

If a Cabinet officer can illegally 
take money from the Treasury to 
buy and keep up a carriage and 
horses, and pay the wages of coach- 
man and followers, where is the 
limit at which he is to stop ? 

THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

" iSTo money shall be drawn from 
the Treasury except by appropria- 
tion made by law." The reason for 
this provision of the Constitution is 
evident, for if without the authority 
of law the President or a Cabinet 
officer can take from the Treasury 
one thousand dollars, why not one 
hundred thousand, or one hundred 
millions ? to be used as the Presi- 
dent or his " Minister" may choose. 
I will give a few examples. In the 
departments there are four grades 
of clerks. The fourth receive 
eighteen hundred, the third sixteen 
hundred, the second fourteen hun- 
dred, and the first twelve hundred 
dollars, and none but the chief 
clerks are allowed a larger sum. 

In consequence of an anonymous 
letter received by me, on the 17 th of 
January last, I offered a resolution, 
which passed the House, embracing 
five interrogatories, calling upon 
Mr. Boutwell for certain information, 
and on the 22d of February it was 
replied to by Executive Document 
No. 188, which I hold in my hand. 

The third question called on Mr. 
Boutwell for " a statement embrac- 
ing the names of the clerks now in 
this department other than chief 
clerks, who receive more than 
eighteen hundred dollars salary." 
And I will read from page 6 of 
Secretary Boutwell's answer, as fol- 
lows : 

''A list of the clerks and their 
names now (January 17, 1870,) re- 
ceiving more than at the rate of 
$1,800 per annum, other than chief 
clerks of the bureaus of the Treasury 
Department." And here follow the 
names of fifty-nine clerks who re- 



8 



ceive illegal salaries, varying in 
amounts from two thousand to five 
thousand dollars ; and the Secretary 
does not deign to apologize for, or 
excuse this jialpable violation of law, 
and he continues to pay just such 
salaries as he chooses and to whom 
he chooses, and then coolj certifies 
that he does so. 

In fact, my friends, it is wholly 
impossible for either you or me to 
tell what is the condition of the 
Government from the estimates or 
reports of the heads of the depart- 
ments. Thus, in his letter of June 
1st, the Secretary of the Treasury 
admits that he is paying, out of 
funds in the Treasury, more than 
sixteen hundred persons for whom 
no appropriation was made accord- 
ing to law ; and that many more than 
are stated in his estimate of ex- 
;peuditures sent to Congress — that 
iis, instead of sixteen hundred clerks 
-i.m the Treasury Department, as 
shown in the estimate of the Secre- 
tary, there are more than three thou- 
sand^ and this fact was dragged into 
the light by the resolution to which 
.1 have already referred. 

lam thus particular, my friends, 
in calling your attention to this 
matter, that you may be on your 
; guard against the false statements 
that are being made as to the re- 
'. duction of taxes and payment on the 
public debt. 

Time will not permit me to go 
through this document, page by 
page, but I will call your attention 
to an item or two more. Here on 
page three, it appears that the econo- 
mical gentlemen who have adminis- 
tered the Treasury Department, 
paid to Adams Express Company 
from June 30th, 1805, to June oOth, 
1869, the enormous sum of $78,397, 
mainly for carrying packages of 
blank forms upon which notes and 
bonds were to be executed, the 
-whole of which could have been sent 
through the mail at one hundredth 
part the cost. 

Again, on page two, it appears 
that since 18615 theCroverument has 



paid $1,167,000 for printing notes 
and bonds! Four million dollars! 
My friends, that is a greater amount 
than the annual expenditures of 
the Federal Government, including 
army, navy, and civil list during 
nine years of the history of the 
Federal Union. 

And in this connection let me ask 
why have not the National Banks 
been required to pay for the paper, 
engraving and printing of their own 
notes, instead of you being taxed 
for that puri)ose ? 

THREE HUNDRED AND FORTY IN- 
TERNAL REVENUE DEFAULTERS ! 

When I tell you that there have 
been three hundred and forty de- 
faulters among the Collectors of 
Internal Eevenue, you look sur- 
prised, and ask one another why 
have we not been told of this before ^ 
For the simple reason, my friends, 
because the facts have been con- 
cealed and had to be dug out. On 
the 21st day of March last, it was 
resolved by the House, that " the 
Secretary of the Treasury be, and is 
hereb^^ directed to furnish this 
House a statement of balances due 
from Collectors of Internal Eevenue 
not 71010 in office j'^ &c. 

And I invite your attention to 
Executive Document No. 267, being 
the report of the Hon. Geo. S. Bout- 
well in answer to that resolution. 
Look at it for yourselves. Here are 
eight solid pages of the names of 
three hundred and forty defaulters ! 
I have not time to read them all, 
but will call off ten, and you may 
form an idea of what the three hun- 
dred and thirty amount to : 
Defaulters. Amount. 

.-.^1,543,719 
.... 1,043,547 

439,489 

.... 532,879 

653,305 

Johu H. Bryant 435,000 

W. C. Flagg 237,307 

W. T. Cunuiugliam 292,46© 

D. B. Boufoey S36,000 

F. S. Hunt 250,407 



Frank Soule 

Sheridan Shook 

Alexander Spaulding. 

M. B. Field 

Lewis Collins 



Total by ten defaulters. . . . $5,933,113 



9 



was adopted by the House, calling- 
upon the Secretary of the Treasury 
lor informatiou. On the 25th of the 
same mouth Secretary Boutwell sent 
to the House his answer, Executive 
Document 91, and which you ob- 
serve is brief. Mr. Auditor Tabor 
says that on May 23d, 18G6, the Sec- 
retary of the Navy issued Order No. 
75, and therein assumed to increase 
the salaries of the offlcers of the 
navy one-third. This document con- 
tains the order. Auditor Tabor says 
under that order there was drawn 
from the Treasury and divided 
among officers of the navy, from 
June 1st, ISGO, to January 1st, 1870, 
the sum of $3,763,981. 

In this same document, Mr. Comp- 
troller Broadhead says : '' The order 
of the Secretary of the Navy is the 
only authority for payments beyond 
the respective salaries provided for 
by law." 

You will observe, citizens, tliat 
this abuse, which originated under 
Johnson, was continued under Grant, 
and, in fact, Mr. Secretary Eobeson 
wrote a lengthy letter to Congress, 
in which he claimed that he had the 
right to increase the salaries of naval 
officers at his pleasure. 

It cannot be necessary for me to 
say to you, my countrymen, that 
such an unrebuked usurpation might 
become dangerous to your liberties. 
If, at his will, the President, through 
his " Ministers," can increase the 
salaries of officers of the navy, and 
without the authority of law diaw 
money enough from the Treasury to 
maintain them, what assurance have 
you that some President will not ex- 
ercise such unwarranted power to 
make himself King 1 

This act of usuri)ation on the part 
of the President not only set the 
Constitution a. id Congress at deti- 
ance, but it was unjust and oppress- 
ive to the people, "vvho were already 
weighed down by the l)urdens of 
taxation. The officers of the navy 
were already receiving high salaries 
I drew a resolution, which I when Order 75 was issued. In 18G0 



Here is within a fraction of six 
millions of dollars of taxes, gobbled 
up by ten defaulters, not one of 
whom has been prosecuted or 
ordered to be prosecuted. In all 
these three hundred and forty de- 
falcations, civil suits have only been 
ordered in thirty cases, and not one 
criminal prosecution. 

ORDER NO. 75. 

My friends, we will not meet here 
as a matter of amusement, but for 
sober and earnest consultation. 
You have already seen that millions 
of dollars of the taxes paid by the 
people are stolen before they even 
reach the Treasury ; and I am about 
to show you how millions more are 
taken from the Treasury in open 
violation of the Constitution and 
the laws. The Constitution says: 
" No money shall be drawn from the 
Treasury except by appropriations 
made by law." That instrument 
further says : " The Congress shall 
have power to ]>rovide for and main- 
tain a navy." The power to provide 
an army and navy is not vested in 
the President, because it would make 
him independent of Congress and 
the people. And for the same reason 
it is provided that " no money shall 
be drawn from the Treasury, but in 
consequence of appropriations made 
by law." 

But President Grant, and Presi- 
dent Johnson before him, through 
their Secretaries of the Navy, did 
provide for and maintain the navy 
in violation of law and in contempt 
of the Constitution; and in further 
violation of that instrument, did 
arrogate to themselves the power 
to make laws, and did draw three 
million seven hundred thousand 
dollars from the treasury withont 
any appropriation having been made 
by Congress. 

Early in January last I learned 
that the Executive branch of the 
Government had increased the pay 
of the othcers of the navy, without 
the kuowfedge or authority of Con- 
gress. 



10 



the highest salary of anj^ naval offi- 
cer was $1,500, but after 1861 the 
salaries of all naval officers were in- 
creased, and that of the highest offi- 
cer had been increased to ten, and 
v/as made by the late Congress 
twfilve thousand dollars, or double 
the salary of a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. 

Nor did the wrong stop here. The 
salary of the highest officer (legal 
or illegal) was not only increased 
threefold, but new and aristocratic 
grades were introduced into the ser- 
vice. In 1861 the highest grade in 
the navy was Captain. Then we 
had as many tleets and as many ves- 
sels afloat as now. To-day we have 
six fleets and tMrty Admirals ! Six 
fleets and seventy-eight Commo- 
dores. Five Admirals and thirteen 
Commodores to a fleet, while one of 
either grade is sufticient. 

We have thirty-eight vessels afloat 
with more than two Commodores, 
and nearly an Admiral for each ves- 
sel. And all this while we pay 
more taxes than any people on earth. 

One of the most difficult duties 
the Secretary of the jSTavy has to 
perform, is to find some pretended 
duty for his legion of officers. Here 
is Executive Document No. 42, be- 
ing a communication from the Sec- 
retary of the Navy, dated February 
7th, i870, to the Senate, giving the 
names and number of naval officers 
on assigned duty at Washington. 
How many do you suppose"? Ten 
Admirals ' and nine Commodores, 
and in all more than one hundred 
officers. I now turn to page 135 of 
the Naval Eegister for 1870, and 
here we find that nine naval officers 
are stationed at ?iIouud City, on the 
Ohio river ! 

I will only further remark that 
more than two thousand naval offi- 
cers are drawing pay, while only 
about seven hundred are doing na- 
val duty. 

FRAUDULENT ESTIMATES. 

As you are aware, the head of 
each department sends to Congress 



an estimate of the necessary expen- 
ditures for the ensuing year. Tiiese 
estimates are sent to the committee 
on Appropriations, and based upon 
them a bill is reported. Permit me 
to read you an extract from my re- 
marks in the House duriug the de- 
bate on the Navy Appropriation 
bill : " I desire to call the especial 
attention of the gentleman from Wis- 
consin (Mr. Washburne), who re- 
ported this bill, to what I have to 
say. I hope he has in his posses- 
sion the Naval Register for the year 
1870. If not, then if he will send a 
page to me I will send him a copy. 
(The Naval Eegister for 1870 was 
sent to Mr. Washburne.) In the es- 
timates furnished by the Secretary 
of the Navy, used by him in his ar- 
gument, and upon which this bill 
was framed, I find that aii estimate 
is made for the pay of 180 naval 
lieutenants on the active list. 

" Now, sir, if the gentleman who 
reported this bill will turn to page 
w6 of the Naval Eegister, he will 
find that instead of there being one 
hundred and eighty lieutenants on 
the active list, there are only sixty- 
four, while an appropriation is asked 
for one hundred and eighty. 

" Estimate is made for masters to 
the number of one hundred and 
sixty, but page 30 of the Eegister 
shows that there are only ninety- 
nine ; and pay is asked for sixty-one 
more than there are in the service." 

And thus did I continue the an- 
alysis of the estimates sent in by 
the Naval Department. But I will 
read further from the debate: 

" Showing beyond contradiction,'' 
(for I was not contradicted) " that 
an appropriation was asked for four 
hundred more naval officers than 
there are in the service. I lay these 
facts before the House in good faith, 
and in good faith I invite investiga- 
tion. 

" Mr. Washburn, of Wisconsin — 
• I Avish to ask the gentleman from 
Ohio whether these estimates were 
not made under the last Adminis- 
tration.' 



11 



" Mr. Morgan — ' I esieein the hon- 
orable gentlemen from Wisconsin 5 
but his question compels me to make 
a statement Nvhich I did not intend 
to make. I am talking about abuses 
in the Goveiumeut which ought to 
be corrected. The gentleman talks 
about Administrations. If this thing 
commenced in the last Administra- 
tion, the gentleman compels me to 
say that it has continued up to and, 
so far, through the Administration 
of President Grant. This abuse did 
exist in the last Administration, but 
it exists to-day in the present Ad- 
ministration. I do not care when it 
began, or by whom it began ; these 
are outrages upon the country, which 
this Congress is bound to remedy, 
or be ])repared to meet the just in- 
dignation of the people.' " 

To which remarks Mr. ^^'ashburn 
made no further reply. 

How did Congress meet these 
abuses'? Were the naval officers 
charged with the money they had 
illegally received from the Treasury 
in excess of their pay f On the con- 
trary the salaries of the Admiral 
and Vice Admiral were increased 
two thousand, and of the lleav Ad- 
miral and Commodore one thousand 
dollars each. It is true that the Sec- 
retaiy of the Treasury was prohib- 
ited from taking money from the 
Treasury in violation of law, but the 
three million seven hundred thou- 
sand dollars wrongfully taken was 
not required to be paid back. 

HOW THE MONOPOLISTS OF THE 
EAST GROW RICH UPON THE IN- 
DUSTRY OF THE WEST. 

Some of the finest specimens of 
manhood I have ever met, v.diether 
estimated by the standard of cour- 
age or intellect, have been children 
of iSTew England. But the sterility 
of their soil, and the severity of 
their climate, have given a granite 
hardness and sharpness to New 
England character ; but so have 
they developed a sturdy- manhood, 
which corresponds with the cold 
grandure of their mountains. 



I battle against New England 

monopolists because, by tact and 

trick, they have become enormously 

rich at the cost of Western and 

Southern industry. I assail them, 

because for generations they have 

I extorted tribute money from the 

^ people of other States. I attack, 

j and will continue to attack them, 

1 because they are sapping the very 

life of the industrial classes of the 

I entire country — those of the Eastern 

States included. 

HOW IT IS DONE. 

New England is the great cham- 
pion of protection, which means to 
make the people of the West pay 
one dollar and eighty cents for every 
dollar's worth of goods they buy. 
The dollar includes the value of the 
goods and a fair profit, while the 
eighty cents is the tribute paid by 
Western industry to New England, 
cunning. Protected on all she 
makes, New England has free trade 
on all she uses in her manufactures — 
as dye stuffs and salt. 

In his report. Commissioner Wells 
states " the amount of salt drawn 
from bond for the fisheries, in the 
district of Gloucester, Massachu- 
setts, for the third quarter of the 
calendar year 1809, was 8,032,778 
pounds, which cost $9,307 free of 
duty, as salt used in fish packing is 
not taxed. But had a Western pork, 
beef, or butter packer, purchased 
that same salt at that same place, it 
would have cost him $23,747, because 
he would have been required to pay 
a tariff tax amounting to $11,44:0, or 
$1.0.5 on every dollar's worth of salt. 
Nor is this all. AVe are taxed to pay 
a bounty of several dollars a ton on 
every vessel fitted out in the Eastern 
States for the codfisheries, and from 
an official statement furnished by 
the Secretary of the Treasury, it ap- 
pears that the amount of bounty or 
tribute thus paid to our sauill New 
England interest, from 1850 to 1805, 
inclusive, was $3,712,234. 



12 



WHAT MASSACHUSETTS CHARGED 
FOR THE SERVICES OF SEVENTY- 
EIGHT REGIMENTS DURING THE 
WAR AGAINST THE REBELLION. 

Next I call your atteiitiou to tlie 
official statement of Assistant Adju- 
tant General Breck, U. S. Army, 
giving the number of regiments fur- 
nished by Massachusetts, New York, 
Pennsylvania and Ohio, during the 
late war : 



New York 

Massachusetts. 
Pennsylvania. 
Ohio 



678,362 43 



In 1830 Mass. was paid 
in full 

In 1859 Mass. was again 
paid in full 

In 1870 Mass. was for the 
third time paid in full 

Total of claim three times 
paid J|^l,336,287 16 

Is it surprising, then, Ohioaus, 
that Massachusetts, as shown by the 
report of Mr. Wells, is worth $77,- 
000,000 more than Ohio ? It is sur- 
prising that she pays $7,000,000 less 
taxes. The fact is, as shown by the 
last report of the Commissioner of 
Internal Kevenue (p. 241) for the 
fiscal year ending June 30th, 1869, 
Ohio paid a million and a half more 
internal revenue taxes tliau all the 
New England States together. 

Ohio paid ^16, 082,497 

Massachu- 
setts paid $9,232,794 

Connecticut 
paid 2,239,291 

Rhode Island 



paid 

Maine paid. 
New Haniji- 

shire paid 
Vermont p'd 



1,280,295 

668,124 

650,046 

314,578 



275 

78 

258 

240 

By a report made by the authority 
of the Third Auditor of the Treasury, 
the amounts paid those States for 
war expenditures were as follows : 

Massachusetts ii3,4S7,863 

New York 2,300,192 

Pennsylvania 2,094,879 

Ohio 2,576,620 

But to be more specific: While 
Ohio furnishes 102 more regiments 
than Massachusetts, on the plea of 
war expenditures, that State drew 
from the Treasury $911,143 more 
than Ohio. 

MASSACHUSETTS AGAIN AT THE 
TREASURY. 

Fifty-five years have elapsed, my 
friends, since the close of the last 
war with England, and from that 
hour to the present Massachusetts 
has been prying at the Treasury on 
the score of expenditures ; while the 
fact is, her authorities were opposed 
to the war from first to last. 

But, notwithstanding all this, she 
has been three times paid in full on 
the same claim of expenditures dur- 
ing the war of 1812. And this, too, 
while the history of the Hartford 
Convention still exists, and while it 
is not denied that the Governor, 
Legislature and Judiciary, all hold- 
ing the Calhoun doctrine of State's 
Eights, decided that even in time of 

war the President cannot command j erate in our selfishness. They can 
the State militia. ' not be satisfied with less than 75 or 



Total paid by N. England. . ^14,486,128 

Paid by Ohio more than 
New 'England $1,596,369 

THE GREED OF NEW ENGLAND. 

Such is the greed of New Eng- 
land, that the ablest champion of 
her interests felt called upon to de- 
nounce it. In the course of the 
debate in the House, April 14, 1870, 
(I read Irom the Daily Globe,) Gen. 
Schenck spoke as follows : " The 
gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. 
Butler) says that Ohio has been in 
good part settled by people from 
New England, and that we are just 
as selfish as they are in New Eng- 
land. Well, sir, we have human 
nature as they have it in New Eng- 
land, and may be selfish, also ; but 
if we are selfish, we are more mod- 



13 



80 percent, protection on every tbing 
they niauutacture. But when we 
come in with a request for 30 or 35 
l)er cent, they say that it is too much. 
We may both be selfish ; but if there 
is a difference between us, one is 
modest as well as selfish," 

Again, while Ohio pays a million 
and a half more taxes than New 
England, Congress has given to us 
886,000,000 less bank \'irculation 
than to those States; and we are 
forced to borrow money at high 
rates of interest from I^ew England 
in order to move our crops. 

I have merely stated facts, with- 



out rhetoric ; addressed you as my 
fellow-citizens, and not as members 
of this or that party. My only aim 
has been to convince you of the im- 
portance of reform, and induce you 
to unite as one people in defense of 
your violated riahts. Then — 



'■ Lot the kfttle to the truniiiet speak, 
TlU! tnimpet to the caiinoueer without, 
The canuons to the heavens." 



And throwing forth our banner to 
the winds, with "Eefoem," the 
watchword of the people, inscribed 
upon its folds, we will march forth 
to victory. 



Note. — '* It will be kept in mind that not one of these 340 clefanltcrs is now in office — 
all haviuo; been discharged in consequence of their defalcations. And in the report of 
Comptroller Taylor, it is only claimed in one single case that ' Frohahlij nothing is due.' 
It will be further kept in mind that each one of these defaulters was confirmed, when 
appointed by the Prei«idtnt, by the United States Senate, with its two-thirds Republican 
majority." 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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